А — D. Фразеологизмы английского языка и их перевод на русский язык
На этих страницах представлены фразеологизмы английского языка с их переводом на русский язык (фразеологизмы на английском языке). Словарь фразеологизмов английского языка содержит более 1000 наиболее популярних и употребляемых выражений. Также к большинству фразеологизмов английского языка даны примеры их употребления. Значение самих фразеологизмов можно найти на этой странице: значение фразеологизмов
А — D E — S T — to carry to carry — to rain to raise — Y
1. (an) apple of discord / a bone of contention яблоко раздора
Пример употребления фразеологизма(an) apple of discord / a bone of contention: «The ownership of the ancestral home has been a bone of conten tion between the two brothers for the last twenty ears.»
2. a bad business плохо дело
Пример употребления фразеологизма a bad business: «In the train he was robbed all his money; a bad business!»
3. a bag of nerves комок нервов
Пример употребления фразеологизма a bag of nerves: «Since her divorce, Pamela has been a bag of nerves.»
4. a banana republic банановая республика: a republic whose gov ernments are repeatedly overthrown and replaced by new ones, equally unstable
5. a belly-dance танец живота: a dance in which the dancers rotate their hips
6. a big shot важная шишка
Пример употребления фразеологизма a big shot: «He is a big shot in the new administration.»
7. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush лучше синица в руках, чем журавль в небе
8. a bitter pill горькая пилюля
Пример употребления фразеологизма a bitter pill: «It was a bitter pill for him to swallow when he discovered that his wife didn’t love him any more.»
9. a blue-stocking синий чулок
Пример употребления фразеологизма a blue-stocking: «I do not want to spend time with that blue-stocking. She is interested only in books.»
10. a bolt from the blue гром среди ясного неба
Пример употребления фразеологизма a bolt from the blue: «The news abou, their marriage came like a bolt from the blue.»
11. (like) a bull in a china shop слон в посудной лавке
Пример употребления фразеологизма(like) a bull in a china shop: «He upset everybody at my birthday party, he was like a bull in a china shop.»
12. a Caliph for a day калиф на час: a person who comes into power for a short time only
13. a case of the pot calling the kettle black ты бы помалкивал, сам тоже хорош
14. a crying shame вопиющая несправедливость
Пример употребления фразеологизма a crying shame: «It is a crying shame that the children should be separated from one another because of their parents’ divorce.»
15. a dark horse темная лошадка
Пример употребления фразеологизма a dark horse: «Do you have any idea who this dark horse is?»
16. a dead language мертвый язык: one that is no longer spoken today, such as ancient Greek, Latin, Sanskrit
17. a dog in the manger собака на сене: a person who refuses to let another enjoy what he himself has no use for
18. a dog’s life собачья жизнь
Пример употребления фразеологизма a dog’s life: «They led a dog’s life after having been sent from their country.»
19. a doubting Thomas Фома неверующий: a sceptic, someone who will believe only the evidence of his own eyes
20. a drop in the ocean капля в море
Пример употребления фразеологизма a drop in the ocean: «Their help is only a drop in the ocean of what we realty need, but it doesn’t mean that we are not thankful to them.»
21. A drop in the ocean Капля в море
22. a fair wind попутный ветер
Пример употребления фразеологизма a fair wind: «The President wished a fair wind to the athletes.»
23. a family tree семейное дерево
24. a fancy-dress ball маскарадный бал: a ball where all the guests are dressed in costumes of historic or fictional characters or anything else that takes their fancy
25. A fine gesture Красивый жест
26. a flight of fancy полет фантазии
Пример употребления фразеологизма a flight of fancy: «Her plan is a flight of fancy. Nothing else.»
27. a fly in the ointment ложка дегтя
Пример употребления фразеологизма a fly in the ointment: «I would like to go to Spain next summer. The only fly in the ointment is we shall have to take our aunt with us.»
28. a flying saucer летающая тарелка: an unkown flying object from another planet
29. a fool in grain отъявленный дурак
Пример употребления фразеологизма a fool in grain: «There is no reason for taking him into account; he is a fool in grain.»
30. a gentleman’s agreement джентльменское соглашение
Пример употребления фразеологизма a gentleman’s agreement: «We have a gentleman’s agreement, which is as good as a signed contract.»
31. a ghost town город-призрак: a town that is no longer inhabited
32. a Golden Jubilee золотой юбилей
Пример употребления фразеологизма a Golden Jubilee: «Celebration of the fifties anniversary of an important event is a Golden Jubilee.»
33. a gold-mine золотое дно
Пример употребления фразеологизма a gold-mine: «This business could be a gold-mine if it were properly developed.»‘
34. a guardian angel ангел-хранитель
Пример употребления фразеологизма a guardian angel: «My neighbour helps me so much without expecting anything in return; he has been a true guardian angel.»
35. a half-baked idea сырая идея
Пример употребления фразеологизма a half-baked: «They risked spilling kids’ blood for some half-baked Republican ideal.»
36. a happy medium золотая середина
Пример употребления фразеологизма a happy medium: «You should choose a happy medium and think about your health.»
37. a hard nut to crack крепкий орешек
Пример употребления фразеологизма a hard nut to crack: «He is a difficult man to convince. You will find him a hard nut to crack.»
38. a head on one’s shoulders голова на плечах
Пример употребления фразеологизма a head on one’s shoulders: «1 always listen to his judgments for he has a head on his shoulders.»
39. a heart of gold золотое сердце
Пример употребления фразеологизма a heart of gold: «Your mother has a heart of gold; she is so kind, generous and forgiving.»
40. a heart of stone каменное сердце
Пример употребления фразеологизма a heart of stone: «He must have a heart of stone to turn away his own son like he did.»
41. a heart-to-heart talk разговор по душам
Пример употребления фразеологизма a heart-to-heart talk: «I had a heart-to-heart talk with Mary about her plans to many John.»
42. A heavy heart (букв. «Тяжелое сердце») Камень на сердце
43. a hey-day / halcyon day золотые дни: the best days
44. a horse of another colour совсем другой коленкор
Пример употребления фразеологизма a horse of another colour: «If you want money for your brother; that’s a horse of another colour.»
45. a house of cards карточный домик
Пример употребления фразеологизма a house of cards: «Denis’ ideas about his future work are nothing but a house of cards that may topple over any moment.»
46. a Jack of all trades мастер на все руки
Пример употребления фразеологизма a Jack of all trades: «A Jack of all trades and a master of none.»
47. a Judas kiss ПОЦЕЛУЙ ИУДЫ
Пример употребления фразеологизма a Judas kiss: a treacherous action dis- guised as kindness
48. A knowing old bird (букв. «Знающая старая птица») Стреляный воробей
49. a lame excuse слабая отговорка: an excuse that is weak and unconvincing
50. a land of milk and honey молочные реки, кисельные берега
51. a little bird told me слухами земля полнится
Пример употребления фразеологизма a little bird told me: «A little bird told me you could be very severe when you please, though / refused to believe it.»
52. a long shot с дальним прицелом
Пример употребления фразеологизма a long shot: «It may be a long shot but / think Harry will marry again soon.»
53. a maiden name девичья фамилия
Пример употребления фразеологизма a maiden name: a wife’s family name prior to her marriage
54. a man of his word Господин / хозяин своего слова
Пример употребления фразеологизма a man of his word: «I am sure we can trust him. He is a man of his word.»
55. a man of the old school человек старой школы
Пример употребления фразеологизма a man of the old school: «He is a strict disciplinarian and expects his men to work hard, but he never asks them to do more than he does himself. He is a man of the old school.»
56. a memory like a sieve мозги как решето
Пример употребления фразеологизма a memory like a sieve: «When it comes to grammar, I have a memory like a sieve.»
57. a millstone round one’s neck хомут на шее
Пример употребления фразеологизма a millstone round one’s neck: «My sister-in-law has been a millstone round my neck ever since I married.»
58. a moral victory моральная победа: a defeat that should by rights have been a victory
59. a mother’s boy / darling маменькин сыночек
Пример употребления фразеологизма a mother’s boy / darling: «Andy is so spoiled by his mother, a real mother boy.»
60. a museum piece музейная редкость
Пример употребления фразеологизма a museum piece: «Jack is so proud of his old car, it is a true museum piece.»
61. a nagging doubt муки сомнения
Пример употребления фразеологизма a nagging doubt: «He had a nagging doubt whether he should have let Gus go off alone to do a job that was too big for him — the job they ought to have done together.»
62. a new lease of life вторая молодость
Пример употребления фразеологизма a new lease of life: «Debby’s change of job has given her a new lease of life. She looks several years younger now.»
63. a nine-days wonder злоба дня: something very sensational but quickly forgotten
64. a pitched battle генеральное сражение: a battle in which targe forces on both sides are committed
65. a question (a matter) of time вопрос времени
Пример употребления фразеологизма a question (a matter) of time: «It is only a question of time before you are caught.»
66. a rainy day черный день
Пример употребления фразеологизма a rainy day: «You must have money for a rainy day.»
67. a rare bird / a rare animal редкая птица
Пример употребления фразеологизма a rare bird / a rare animal: «What a rare bird visited us yesterday.»
68. a ray of hope луч надежды
Пример употребления фразеологизма a ray of hope: «This new contract seemed to be a ray of hope for Dave.»
69. a right arm правая рука
Пример употребления фразеологизма a right arm: «Since mother’s death, Ann has been father’s right arm.»
70. A round peg in a square hole (букв. «круглый колышек в квадратном отверстии») Быть не на своём месте
71. a round-table conference беседа за круглым столом
Пример употребления фразеологизма a round-table conference: «We had a lot of newspapermen at our last round-table conference.»
72. a royal welcome королевский прием
Пример употребления фразеологизма a royal welcome: «When we arrived at a small village in Lapland, we were surprised at the royal welcome the villagers gave to us.»
73. a sense of loss чувство потери
Пример употребления фразеологизма a sense of loss: «When John resigned, we all felt a strong sense of loss.»
74. A silly goose (букв. «Глупый гусь») Гусь лапчатый.
75. A Silver Jubilee серебряный юбилей: celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary is a Silver Jubilee
76. a Sisyphean labour (task, toil) Сизифов труд: an endless and fruitless task
77. a slice of the cake кусок пирога
Пример употребления фразеологизма a slice of the cake: «They are eager to have their slice of the cake after such a wonderful transaction.»
78. a sore spot больное место
Пример употребления фразеологизма a sore spot: «You shouldn’t have mentioned his relatives. You touched a sore spot with him.»
79. A sore subject Больной вопрос
80. a storm in a tea-cup буря в стакане воды
Пример употребления фразеологизма a storm in a tea-cup: «Mary was so angry at her son for his bad behaviour and promisea to punish him, but they were soon friends again. It was all a storm in a tea-cup.»
81. a straight answer прямой ответ
Пример употребления фразеологизма a straight answer: «Are you going to lend me the money or not? I’d like a straight answer.»
82. a stumbling block камень преткновения
Пример употребления фразеологизма a stumbling block: «The issue of ethic was a stumbling block at their discussion.»
83. a sucked orange выжатый лимон
Пример употребления фразеологизма a sucked orange: «After working twenty-five years for the company, Tom was discarded like a sucked orange.»
84. a swan-song лебединая песня
Пример употребления фразеологизма a swan-song: «This composition was his swan-song.»
85. a sweet tooth сластена
Пример употребления фразеологизма a sweet tooth: «Clara had a fero¬cious sweet tooth, used them in the cake she was always making.»
86. a trained eye глаз наметан
Пример употребления фразеологизма a trained eye: «Dave has a trained eye for such kind of stuff.»
87. a vicious circle порочный круг
Пример употребления фразеологизма a vicious circle: «The more cruel you are, the more you will hate, and the more you will hate, the more cruel you will become — an so on in a vicious circle for ever.»
88. a wasp waist осиная талия: an extremely small waist
89. a way of life образ жизни
Пример употребления фразеологизма a way of life: «The western way of life is very different from ours. It is difficult for him to get accustomed to it.
90. a whipping boy мальчик для битья
Пример употребления фразеологизма a whipping boy: «They use him as a wipping boy who answers all his sisterin-law’s mistakes and faults.»
91. a white lie ложь во спасение
Пример употребления фразеологизма a white lie: «It is better to tell a white lie than to lose a friend.»
92. a whole good hour битый час
Пример употребления фразеологизма a whole good hour: «Mary spent a whole good hour waiting for him to finish his conversation with his mother.»
93. a willing horse рабочая лошадка: one who is eager to work and to do other people’s work as well
94. a wolf in sheep’s clothing волк в овечьей шкуре
Пример употребления фразеологизма a wolf in sheep’s clothing: someone who looks respectable and harmless but whose behaviour is quite the opposite
95. a word in the ear на ухо (по секрету)
Пример употребления фразеологизма a word in the ear: «I was told about this like by a word in the ear.»
96. abomination of desolation мерзость запустения: something very disgusting, regarded with aversion, an abominable thing
97. Achilles’ heel / the heel of Achilles (the one and only weakness but a fatal one) Ахиллесова пята
Пример употребления фразеологизма Achilles’ heel: «John could have become an excellent musician today, had it not been for his gambling — his Achilles’ heel.»
98. Act the fool / Play the fool /Act the ass / Play the ass (букв. «играть дурака / осла») Валять дурака
99. against the grain против шерсти
Пример употребления фразеологизма against the grain: «It goes against the grain to treat him like that.»
100. all lay loads on a willing horse кто везет, того и ПОГОНЯЮТ
101. all roads lead to Rome все дороги ведут в Рим: Rome has always been a place of a special importance
102. all things are difficult before they are easy / it is the first step that costs лиха беда начало
103. all your geese are swans каждый кулик свое болото хвалит
Пример употребления фразеологизма all your geese are swans: you overestimate the value of your possessions or ideas, just because they are yours
104. alpha and omega альфа и омега
Пример употребления фразеологизма alpha and omega: the beginning and the end. These are the first and the last letter in the Greek alphabet
105. an absolute nothing абсолютный нуль
Пример употребления фразеологизма an absolute nothing: «He won’t be able to settle this problem. He is an absolute nothing.»
106. an Adam’s apple Адамово яблоко
Пример употребления фразеологизма an Adam’s apple: «He was a funny-looking man, thin as a wire, and with an Adam’s apple that looked as big as a turkey egg.»
107. an anaemic character анемический характер: a weak, subdued character
108. an article of faith дело чести: a crucial moment in someone’s philosophy
109. an early bird ранняя пташка
Пример употребления фразеологизма an early bird: «My brother was always an early bird.»
110. an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth око за око, зуб за зуб
111. an Indian summer бабье лето: a period of great happiness that comes late in a person’s life
112. an ivory tower башня из слоновой кости
Пример употребления фразеологизма an ivory tower: «Living in your ivory tower at Harvard, it is not fair to judge other people with quite different opportunities.»
113. an object of fun предмет насмешек
Пример употребления фразеологизма an object of fun: «When he was on the outs, an object of fun for some rich kids.»
114. an old bird стреляная птица
Пример употребления фразеологизма an old bird: «You won’t get an old bird like him to believe that tale.»
115. an old flame старая любовь
Пример употребления фразеологизма an old flame: «I am sure you were speaking to your old flame, you were so excited.»
116. an old hand тертый калач
Пример употребления фразеологизма an old hand: «Walt will finish the roof very quickly. He is an old hand at that kind of work.»
117. an old wives’ tale бабьи сказки
Пример употребления фразеологизма an old wives’ tale: «Her knowledge of health care seems to rest on old wives’tales.»
118. an ugly duckling гадкий утенок
Пример употребления фразеологизма an ugly duckling: «Marian has grown into a beautiful girl out of an ugly duckling she used to be.»
119. Andar con rodeos (букв. ходить кругами») Ходить вокруг да около
120. animal passions животные страсти: man’s lowest instincts
121. any minute с минуты на минуту
Пример употребления фразеологизма any minute: «Mother can show up any minute here.»
122. armed to the teeth вооруженный до зубов
Пример употребления фразеологизма armed to the teeth: «The criminal was armed to the teeth when police caught him at last.»
123. as a last resort в крайнем случае
Пример употребления фразеологизма as a last resort: «As a last resort we can borrow the money from my uncle.»
124. as cunning as a fox хитрый как лиса
125. As like as two peas in a pot (букв. «Похожи как две горошины в стручке») Похожи как две капли воды
126. as luck would have it как на зло / как нарочно
Пример употребления фразеологизма as luck would have it: «John felt that he might have won Barbara that year but as luck would have it he was married then to his second wife.»
127. As plain as the nose on your face (букв. «Ясно как нос на твоем лице») Как дважды два четыре
128. as poor as a church-mouse беден как церковная мышь: extremely poor
129. as slippery as an eel скользкий как уж
Пример употребления фразеологизма as slippery as an eel: «It was impossible to get anything in writing out of him; he is as slippery as an eel.»
130. as stubborn as a mule / as obstinate as a donkey упрямый как осел
131. as sure as eggs is eggs верно, как дважды два четыре: absolutely certain
132. As thick as thieves (букв. «Быть такими близкими друг к другу, как воры») Водой не разольешь
133. as thin as a rake худой как щепка
Пример употребления фразеологизма as thin as a rake: «She has no strength at all. She smokes like a chimney. Thin as a rake.»
134. as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb семь бед — один ответ
135. as white as a sheet белый как полотно
Пример употребления фразеологизма as white as a sheet: «You might have seen a ghost. Your face is as white as a sheet.»
136. as wise as an owl / a wise old owl мудрая как сова
Пример употребления фразеологизма as wise as an owl / a wise old owl: «Your aunt is as wise as an owl, you’d better listen to her advice.»
137. at all costs / by all means любой ценой
Пример употребления фразеологизма at all costs / by all means: «I must finish this article tomorrow by all means.» / «The most dangerous thing you can do is to take any one impulse of our own nature and set it up as the thing you ought to follow at all costs.»
138. at arm’s length на почтительном расстоянии
Пример употребления фразеологизма at arm’s length: «Paul wanted to get to know Jenny better, but she kept him at arm’s length.»
139. at first hand / straight from the horse’s mouth из первых уст
Пример употребления фразеологизма at first hand / straight from the horse’s mouth: «I got the news at first hand, so I know it’s true. » / «We’d better ask the shipper what informotion they want to receive, for it’s the best thing when one can find out the instructions straight from the horse’s mouth.»
140. at first sight с первого взгляда
Пример употребления фразеологизма at first sight: «He fell in lave with her at first sight.»
141. at full speed с налета / налету
142. at odds (with) не в ладах
Пример употребления фразеологизма at odds (with): «The neighbours were at odds with each other.»
143. at sea / all at sea как в лесу
Пример употребления фразеологизма at sea / all at sea: «After listening a few minutes to their conversation, I was all at sea. Chemistry is not my subject.»
144. at second hand из вторых рук
Пример употребления фразеологизма at second hand: «I have only received the news second hand, so it may not be reliable.»
145. at the parting of the ways на распутье дорог
Пример употребления фразеологизма at the parting of the ways: «It’s time for us to stop and think. We are at the parting of the ways.»
146. at the top of one’s lungs во все горло (всю глотку)
Пример употребления фразеологизма at the top of one’s lungs: «When Spencer saw the figures of grave robbers dressed in black she started screaming at the top of her lungs.»
147. Bare as a bone (букв. «Голо как кость») Хоть шаром покати
148. be unable to hurt a fly / to be unable to say boo to a goose муху не обидеть
Пример употребления фразеологизма be unable to hurt a fly / to be unable to say boo to a goose: «He is so timid, he wouldn’t say a boo to a goose.»
149. Bear / have / hold a grudge against иметь зуб против
Пример употребления фразеологизма Bear / have / hold a grudge against: «Mike didn’t think it was so much Joe who held a grudge against him.»
150. behind closed doors при закрытых дверях
Пример употребления фразеологизма behind closed doors: «They discussed her proposal behind closed doors.»
151. behind one’s back / when one’s back is turned за спиной
Пример употребления фразеологизма behind one’s back / when one’s: «Laura said some very nasty words about you behind your back.»
152. better one small fish than an empty dish на безрыбье и рак рыба
153. between the devil and the deep blue sea между молотом и наковальней
154. Between the devil and the deep blue sea (букв. «Между чертом и глубоким синим морем») Между молотом и наковальней
155. bird, of a feather одного поля ягода
Пример употребления фразеологизма bird, of a feather: «Oliver and Alain were birds of a feather.»
156. Black money Чёрный нал
157. blood is thicker than water кровь не вода / водица
Пример употребления фразеологизма blood is thicker than water: the ties between relations are closer than those between friends
158. blood will tell кровь говорит / кровь заговорила
Пример употребления фразеологизма blood will tell: «My adopted son was given the same opportunities as the other children, but he turned out completely different from them.»
159. blue blood / blue blooded голубая кровь: of the nobility or aristocracy
160. body and soul душой и телом
Пример употребления фразеологизма body and soul: «What he does, he does body and soul.»
161. brain twister Головоломка
162. brain-washing промывка мозгов
Пример употребления фразеологизма brain-washing: «I feel a little sorry for them — they ’ve been brainwashed.»
163. brevity is the soul of wit краткость — сестра таланта
164. brothers in arms братья по оружию
Пример употребления фразеологизма brothers in arms: «They became brothers in arms during the last war.»
165. by hook or by crook правдами и неправдами
Пример употребления фразеологизма by hook or by crook: «Roger will get a degree by hook or by crook; he won’t let anyone stop him.»
166. by the skin of one’s teeth еле-еле
Пример употребления фразеологизма by the skin of one’s teeth: «She was able to catch the last train by the skin of her teeth.»
167. by the skin of one’s teeth с грехом пополам
Пример употребления фразеологизма by the skin of one’s teeth: «That was a near thing! I only escaped being conscripted into the army by the skin of my teeth.»
168. by the sweat of one’s brow в поте лица
Пример употребления фразеологизма by the sweat of one’s brow: to earn one’s living by hard work
169. by the way между прочим
Пример употребления фразеологизма by the way: «By the way, your phone’s been out of order, and I couldn’t reach you.»
170. by trial and error методом проб и ошибок
Пример употребления фразеологизма by trial and error: «To find the correct solution to our problem we had to go by trial and error because nobody could give us advice.»
171. calf love / puppy love телячья любовь: the first adolescent love-affair
172. cannon-fodder (fodder is the food fed to the animals on a farm) пушечное мясо
Пример употребления фразеологизма cannon-fodder: «The soldiers were regarded as cannon-fod-der.»
173. castles in Spain / castles in the air / pie in the sky воздушные замки: unreal dreams of splendour which only exist in the imagination of a dreamer
174. change hands переходить из рук в руки
Пример употребления фразеологизма change hands: «The picture changed several hands tilt at last it appeared in my house.»
175. cheek brings success смелость города берет
176. child of nature дитя природы: someone who is innately good, even if unpolished
177. chilled to the marrow продрогший до мозга костей
Пример употребления фразеологизма chilled to the marrow: «We had better turn up the heating. Jack was chilled to the marrow, watching this football match.»
178. close at hand под рукой
Пример употребления фразеологизма close at hand: «If you need help we are always close at hand.»
179. cold war холодная война
Пример употребления фразеологизма cold war: «The end of the Cold War had left the spycatchers with very little to do.»
180. colour bar цветной барьер: discrimination against coloured and black people in favour of the whites
181. come rain or shine что бы ни случилось
Пример употребления фразеологизма come rain or shine: «Come rain or shine, Fanny will always visit her mother on Sunday.»
182. come to pieces / to go to pot вылететь в трубу
Пример употребления фразеологизма come to pieces / to go to pot: «Dick has let his business go to pot.»
183. Come what may be! Была не была!
184. crocodile tears крокодиловы слезы
Пример употребления фразеологизма crocodile tears: «Take no notice of her crocodile tears. She’s not in the least concerned about your injury.»
185. daily bread хлеб насущный
Пример употребления фразеологизма daily bread: «Give us this day our daily bread…»
186. day in, day out изо дня в день
Пример употребления фразеологизма day in, day out: «Day in, day out Mr. Brinkman took a morning train and went to work.»
187. Disappeared as if by magic (букв. «Исчезло, как по волшебству») Как рукой сняло
188. dog-tired уставший как собака
Пример употребления фразеологизма dog-tired: «The man was dog tired after working the whole day in the garden.»
189. Dominarse Взять себя в руки
190. don’t change horses in midstream / halfway across the stream коней на переправе не меняют
Пример употребления фразеологизма don’t change horses in midstream / halfway across the stream: «It is always a mistake to change horses in midstream.»
191. don’t count your chickens цыплят по осени считают
Пример употребления фразеологизма don’t count your chickens: «Don’t count your chickens. Your aunt may not leave you any money at all.»
192. don’t teach your grandmother to suck eggs яйца курицу не учат
193. Dumb as an oyster (букв. «Нем как устрица») Нем как рыба